Archive for the ‘软实力’ Category

24/7之CCTV News:硬不起来的软实力Is the Soft Power Too Soft?

星期三, 六月 8th, 2011

世界上最遥远的距离,是你与我同在一个国度,我却不知如何报道你。

从中东腹地到欧洲大陆,两周的时间,别动队这篇系列报道将全球卫星电视里的“非主流(alternative)”英语新闻频道逐一盘点——只剩CCTV。不知有多少别动队读者在期待这篇报道,回家本是件让人兴奋的事,可面对自家后院的这棵大树,我却是心有万千口难开。在最初谋划这个系列报道时,我内心的最大障碍就来自CCTV,它的复杂面孔和我对它的复杂感情让我几乎想要放弃整个写作计划。是韩巍同学一再鼓励下,才让我拖拖沓沓,最终捱到大限之日。作为一个前CCTV News实习生,我此番冒着“忤逆”的风险,准备做一场不求深刻但求客观的CCTV-bashing.

亲爱的,我该如何称呼你

CCTV-9CCTV-InternationalCCTV News,一个频道竟有这么多名字,但无论它怎么变,在广大中国老百姓的眼里,还是那个“央视英语频道”。英语频道成立于2000年,作为我国早期外宣战略的重要组成部分,它的角色被定位为“世界了解中国的窗口(A Window on China for the World),在枝繁叶茂的央视大家庭里,排行第九。2004年首次改版,多了CCTV International这个名字,与四套“中文国际频道”相得益彰,口号相应改为“中国与世界的窗口(Your Window on China and the World)”不过,与去年4月的大动作相比,以上过往皆可忽略不计。

2010426日,CCTV-9改版为CCTV News(中文名称变为“中央电视台英语新闻频道”),新的定位是“为你链接亚洲(Your Link to Asia),每天24小时不间断播出,新闻类节目占19小时,几乎每个整点都有新闻播报(newscast)。参照此前报道,英语频道的建立算是相当早了,但24/7这一步却迈晚了许多。(提醒一下,RT成立于2005年,Al Jazeera English France 24成立于2006年,Press TV成立于2007年。)信息时代,名字早已不只是个代号那么简单,这样频繁改名,让我怎么称呼你才好,亲爱的,我衷心希望你不要再改名了。

在结束这个话题前,我还想问问有多少人对英语频道的名字与我怀有同样的纠结:CCTV International让人觉得是“中文国际频道”的英文版,到了CCTV New,又让人觉得像“新闻频道”的英文版。这也许是英语频道人无法言说的尴尬,如何拥有自己的面孔和声音,而不是做一套+四套+新闻频道的综合编译版了事。

改版后留下的段号,给了现在的纪录片频道,从今年11日起,我发现家里已经收不到CCTV News的节目。这是我无法理解的一种安排,还记得Press TV与伊朗人民的关系吗,还记得那篇报道里我怎么说吗——那些无法让国内观众看见的电视节目,又如何能吸引国际观众?(如果哪位同学家里装了机顶盒还能收到CCTV News,欢迎向我举报)

亲爱的,你有了钱也还是那么业余

关于CCTV News的预算,不用我解释,大家都知道属于国家机密。没有公开媒体报道可以查实,只在2009年,由《南华早报》率先捅出大消息,说中国政府将投入66亿美元(450亿人民币)用于中国媒体“走出去”战略,受惠机构包括央视、新华社、人民日报和中新社。2010年的改版,当是这个大计划落实的一部分。在一切关乎国家形象的战略上,咱们是不差钱的,这一点可以从改版后频繁的卫星连线中见得端倪。当世界某个角落有事情发生,CCTV News快速反应的方式就是连线当地记者。如果你中午吃饭的时候闲得没事,可以看看正午12点的News Hour,这个一小时新闻节目,是每天最大的一档news bulletin,连线时间总和有时可占到20分钟甚至更长。这些连线中,有相当一部分是依托AP Reuters在世界各地无孔不入的触角,通过他们找到correspondent做直播,一场三五分钟的连线要烧掉大概几千美金

CCTV News号称覆盖100多个国家的8500万观众,但我很遗憾的没有找到除其官网外任何其他消息来源证实这个数据,所以到底它的观众群有多少,分布在哪里,对我而言仍是一片空白。说到这,我想提一个问题:广大记者同行们,你们有多少人把自己供职的媒体机构作为日常新闻来源?懵懂如我,还是不得不把这一条作为衡量一家媒体公信力的最好标准之一。而我接触到的CCTV News外籍员工,下班回家看的都是CNNDiscovery Channel

好了,公信力,容我就此打住,我本人和别动队都不希望在这块礁石上搁浅,所以,收起自由情怀,下面我只谈技术问题。

设想我是一名身在国外的CCTV News热心观众,平时只能上网通过livestream收看节目。当我对这个频道发生兴趣,下一步要做的可能是打开它的网站,进一步了解这个组织。首先,比较扫兴的事情来了,CCTV News的网站依托于中国网络电视台(CNTV),基本上CNTV的英文版就等于CCTV News,而别动队之前报道的每一家电视台都有其独立的网站;其次,点开About Us页面后,能看见什么呢:

发现问题了吗?在一个以英语为报道语言的电视网站上,在一片英文字母的海洋中,嵌入了两则中文招聘信息。在此前四家电视台网站上,除了各语种版本入口外,我没有看到任何其国家官方语言的痕迹。我不太理解CCTV News为什么不能“放心”用英文来发布所有招聘信息,难道你还会考虑不懂英语的潜在应聘者吗?

看见大裤衩下面那个CCTV News Overview的链接了吗,点开之后,除了对”Your Link to Asia”的简单阐释,就是几档节目的笼统介绍,既没有提及自己曾获得2010年意大利“热鸟电视奖(Hot Bird TV Awards)”,也没有记者编辑队伍、覆盖规模的具体数据,更没有对自身职业守责的阐述,看看Al Jazeera English的About UsRTCorporate Profile 吧,够甩你们几条街了。你既然要宣传中国,先把自己宣传好是个基本要件吧。

可也不能全怪CCTV News,这大概是战略细分后的恶果。当我们天真地以为整合就是力量,分工就是专业,砸钱就能办事时,如何消除同一媒体不同媒介间的不一致性(inconsistency)才是不那么简单的事。

如果说上述现象只是让国际友人不解,下述事情就该让中国人民不解了:还记得RT如何对希拉里的话大做文章吗?在所有五家电视台中,CCTV News是唯一没有报道这件事的媒体,别告诉我你的沉默是出于谦虚。

CCTV News的半年,对于什么是“昼夜不停(round-the-clock)”和电视新闻的deadline算是小有体会。记得去年10月,Jim Laurie给频道新人做培训时,一开场就说:“你们每天上班都忙得不可开交,但其实你推开门走进任何一家电视台,都是这样打仗似的场面。”是的,这是电视台、尤其是24/7电视台的常态,但在所有导播和编导按照准战场节奏来工作时,还有一支松散的队伍在“享受人生”。没有直播的时候,演播室里是打瞌睡的摄像师,有直播的时候,摄像师在机位固定后,会坐下来看小说或者玩手机(与此同时,半岛的演播室里只剩下robot camera了);外面控制台上,音频人员可能在直播中途换班,交班的人可能会带来零食,大家一边吃一边做直播;负责特效制作的美工,可能会在开播前五分钟到楼外抽烟,当编导因为特效问题要找人协调时,他们正在外面享受阳光……

在哥大新闻学院的Global Media Wars项目中,对CCTV News在节目包装(Cosmetic)上的评分只有1分(满分5分),附言上写着“节目中没有引用同期声的习惯,嘉宾唠唠叨叨说个没完没了;记者张口结舌地报新闻,话筒线挂在主播身后清楚可见,所有一切都让人感觉很业余(unprofessionalism)”。

这个现象背后的原因是什么,我已经写出部分答案了。

亲爱的,成大事者不拘小节

我常常想象,做CCTV News的主播肯定是件力气活,因为面对朝鲜这样一个三天两头挑动世界神经的新闻富矿,主持人在任何一条播报中首次提起时都必须说The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea——North Korea的称谓是断然不能出现的。我明白这种策略所背负的政治正确和外交任务,但当你把自己的观众定位为foreigners inside and outside China时,就得先弄明白,普通外国人里,没有几个人知道DPRK是哪儿,到底是像祥林嫂一样每天为其正名重要,还是让观众被你的立场收买更重要?如果观众都不知道你在说哪家的事,如何期待他相信你说的话?

这种执拗在科特迪瓦的问题上发挥到了可笑的地步:在其他国家的英语媒体都叫Ivory Coast时,CCTV News坚持称其为Cote D’Ivoire,懂法语的同学都知道,无论是科特迪瓦还是象牙海岸,一个是法语的音译一个是英语的义译,绕来绕去,都绕不开这段殖民史。我们常说“虽不能改变过去,却要勇敢创造未来”,要解救第三世界的同胞,这样固执地耍嘴皮子是没法带给他们光明的。

亲爱的,你如何为我链接亚洲

CCTV News已不再将CNNBBC作为主要竞争对手和模仿对象,半岛的成功,让CCTV人看见了非主流媒体跻身主流的可能,于是模仿半岛,成为了一个看上去更现实的目标。在百度百科“中央电视台英语新闻频道”词条上,我看见了一段很有意思的话:“卡塔尔并非大国,但是半岛电视台在国际反恐以及中东事务上的国际影响力,甚至可以和CNN这样的大牌媒体叫板。为什么呢?因为它充分有效地利用了阿拉伯世界的资源,向世人展示了阿拉伯世界的视角,为人们消除信息的不对称提供了一个有独特价值的信息渠道。找到适合自己的定位,CCTV NEWS就找到了竞争的突破口,在全球媒体中找到归属于自己的那片天空。”

这段话原是为改版后的新定位作注脚,但很遗憾,我现在还看不出这种模仿能够取得成功。容我再讲一个小故事:

去年11月,某人获奖后组内首次选题会。在场所有编导和实习生在报选题时都绕开了这件事(自我审查的力量真是无穷大),当选题陈述结束,制片人询问一位在会的美籍顾问,有无任何要补充,这位顾问摇头说:The only Story I want to do is the one we can’t do.当时还正值朝鲜工人党党代会召开及缅甸大选两桩事,制片人表示,要向上级请示后才能确定这两件事能不能做。这时,这位已在频道工作十年有余的顾问一脸无奈地笑了,说:Your link to Asia tells you nothing about Asia.

当然,这不是CCTV News的错,也不是里面任何一个人的错,可当这样的大前提横亘在前,一切雄心抱负和烧钱行为都显得那么超现实。

写给未来的话

哥大新闻学院的研究生们在CCTV News的报告中,引述了一位编导的话,谈到频道内一支主要由应届毕业生组成的队伍,“这个队伍很年轻,都是刚毕业的大学生,缺乏专业经验,对其他国际英语电视台几乎一无所知。”其实这个现象我早有切身体会,我希望的是,所有CCTV News的年轻员工都能看看这篇系列报道,你不能只知道中国有CRICNC(新华社英语电视台)、Global TimesChina Daily,你得知道,跨出国门,你的对手在哪、在做什么。当然,你也可以选择每周上45天班,每个月领取足以傲视市场平均水平的工资+补贴,身处全球卫星战的硝烟却对一切浑然不知,完成好领导布置的任务,然后舒舒服服地享受人生。

这个频道的稚嫩,从打开电视的第一刻就感受得到,也因得这份年轻,我作为一个实习生,才能在半年时间里有机会制作大大小小的报道,数次在直播时承担电话连线和视频连线。回首过去,我们在十年前就有英语新闻频道了,十年后却在24/7的队伍里被甩得这样难看。这也许不能全怪CCTV News,看看中国貌似全媒体化的外宣布局,英语频道在其中不过是一枚棋子而已。传播学都引入中国三十年了,我们仍没想明白怎么个“润物细无声”。去年11月起,CCTV News在全球范围公开招募主持人,希望招到英汉双栖的“中国面孔”为中国软实力代言,但是,有了几张中国脸,“传播效果”和“立足亚洲”的问题就解决了吗?我曾一度认为CCTV News的问题在于它的官方背景,但当我看到同样没有商业广告的RT,才知道即便是宣传也能叫座。面对尾大不掉的CCTV News,我只想说一句:

No matter it’s an information war, media war or propaganda war, please fight with either real news or vocal guts; and no matter what you are fighting for, please at least sound and look professional.

P.S.这篇系列报道到今天算是收官了,但后头还有好戏!别动队下一步将采访在这五家电视台工作的记者们,请他们来谈谈电视画面背后的故事,并且做一个横向比较。敬请期待!

China Media Digest 0901 (week1-4)

星期一, 二月 2nd, 2009

RMB 45 Billion, soft power and global influence

cctv-new-buildingAccording to the story of South China Morning Post (all articles behind a paywall), Beijing will invest RMB 45 billion (about GBP 4.5 billion) in Chinese media organizations which target global audiences. The list will include CCTV, Xinhua and the People’s Daily. China wants it’s own Al-Jazeera.

Management at CCTV, Xinhua and the People’s Daily have been busy meeting consultants, inviting experts to brainstorming sessions and drafting proposals. “Xinhua has a plan to expand its overseas bureaus from about 100 to 186,” the source said, suggesting it would have bases in virtually every country in the world. Another media source said Xinhua planned to create an Asia-based 24-hour television station to broadcast global news to an international audience. “I was invited twice for brainstorming meetings on the establishment of such a television station, which would not just broadcast news on China, but on everywhere in the world,” a different source said. The media sources said Xinhua was ambitious about building an “influential and reliable” station like the Qatar-based Al-Jazeera network. “With Al-Jazeera as the model, the station would enjoy greater freedom of speech from the central authorities than Phoenix TV on political and current events,” one source said. Meanwhile, the Global Times, a daily tabloid owned by the People’s Daily and known for its nationalistic tone, has decided to launch an English edition in May, becoming the second national English newspaper, after China Daily. The paper has begun recruiting English-speaking editors and journalists. CCTV has announced plans to launch Arabic and Russian channels this year, aggressively expanding its team of overseas reporters and recruiting foreign-language professionals.

Below is the comment from Cam MacMurchy at Zhongnanhai Blog,

Isn’t CCTV 9 supposed to present China’s view to the world? Is there a point in lauching a second one without fixing the first? The problem isn’t lack of TV channels or media outlets that present China’s case to foreigners, it’s the lack of any media outlets that present China’s case well. If Xinhua’s new TV endeavor is run in the same manner CCTV is, with the same group of life-long communisty party members in bad suits calling the shots, it will be doomed to failure. In fact, I’d go one step further: any mainland Chinese run media outlet will be taken less seriously as long as general media controls are in place. Which brings me to my second point: the credibility of the media in China. China could open a hundred news organizations and blanket the world with China’s point of view, but it would be greeted with just as much suspicion as it is now because China, despite all of its advancements, remains a one-party state with absolute control over all domestic media.

James Fallows also asked, “Will $6 billion solve the Chinese PR problem?” Nicholas Bequelin at Wall Street Journal Asia described it as “China’s New Propaganda Machine Going Global”. David Bandurski at China Media Project noted the relationship between “soft power” or “global influence” and the huge investment project. A speech of Li Changchun (李长春) is quoted and translated in the article.

Chinese Internet users hits 298 million

From AP,

China’s fast-growing population of Internet users has risen to 298 million after passing the United States last year to become the world’s largest, a government-sanctioned research group said. The latest figure is a 41.9 percent increase over the same period last year, the China Internet Network Information Center said in a report Tuesday. China’s Internet penetration rate is still low, with just 22.6 percent of its population online, leaving more room for rapid growth, according to CNNIC.

The 23rd Statistical Reports on the Internet Development in China was released by CNNIC on Jan. 13, 2009. You can find the full report (in Chinese) on CNNIC’s website. Keep an eye on this page if you are interested in the forthcoming English version (the last 22 reports are all provided there). Or check the further more details here, a brief translation of the latest report by 56minus1. So many netizens, well, some of them even take on the government.

“Anti-vulgar Internet Crackdown”

jingjingwebpoliceFrom the beginning of 2009, China has already announced 6 blacklists of websites criticized for “low and vulgar practices on the Internet” as part of the latest “Anti-vulgar Internet Crackdown”(整治互联网低俗之风). According to Xinhua, the first blacklist of 19 websites “that provide and spread pornographic or obscene contents”, including searching engines Google, Baidu and major portals such as Sina, Sohu, Netease, QQ. Microsoft’s MSN is also in the blacklist of Internet portals providing lewd content. And

This marks a month-long nationwide campaign launched by the Information Office of the State Council, Ministry of Public Security and other four central government departments to clean up the online environment. Those websites were accused of either providing links to pornographic websites or containing porn pictures and failed to take them down after being notified by China Internet Illegal Information Reporting Center(CIIRC).

After that, 277 vulgar websites shut down in 11 days. Further more, Anti-porn campaign extends to mobile phone messages (from Xinhua),

The Chinese government is extending its anti-porn campaign to mobile phone messages after shutting down 1,250 websites, it said on Monday. “We will incorporate ‘lewd’ messages spread via mobile phones into the crackdown,” said seven government departments including the State Council’s Information Office, Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Culture who jointly launched the campaign at a meeting, aiming to outline future tasks of the move.

Reuters reports,

Over 40 people have been detained for disseminating porn on the Internet, and over 3 million “items of online information” have been deleted, the report said.

Xinhua also reports that officials will be increasingly vigilant during the Spring Festival, or Chinese New Year:

China’s Internet watchdogs Friday vowed to continue a crackdown on pornography and “lewd” content throughout the weeklong Spring Festival holiday in order to protect the nation’s youth. “The campaign has a single and clear goal, that is to clean up the Internet and save the Internet environment for children,” said Liu Zhengrong, deputy director of the network office of the State Council’s Information Office.

You can find 6 lists (only in Chinese) of websites criticized in the campaign in the website of China Internet Illegal Information Reporting Center (中国互联网违法和不良信息举报中心). The last one was unveiled on Jan. 29. During the Campaign, bullog.cn, an edgy China blog site was also shut down. The founder of bullog.cn told The Associated Press that he was notified by an e-mail from the Beijing Communications Administration that the site “contained harmful comments on current affairs and therefore will be closed”. There are some Chinese bloggers’ response to the Internet crackdown translated by China Digital Times.

Other Links you might be interested in

The China Media Digest is released by China Media Centre. I also post it here for the readers of OhMyMedia.

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